Periodontitis en niños sanos de 3 años: dos casos con seguimiento a 5 años / Periodontitis in healthy 3-year-old children: two cases with 5-year follow-up

Objetivo: La periodontitis en dentición primaria es ex- cepcional en niños sin enfermedades sistémicas. El objetivo de este informe es describir las características clínicas y ra- diográficas de dos casos de niños de 3 años sistémicamente sanos con periodontitis, y su tratamiento con seguimiento a 5 años. Casos clínicos: En ambos casos, a los 3 años de edad los niños fueron derivados al especialista en periodoncia por su odontopediatra debido a la pérdida muy temprana de inci- sivos inferiores. El examen clínico y radiográfico mostró pér- dida de inserción clínica, pérdida ósea y movilidad dental en otros incisivos superiores e inferiores. Se realizó la intercon- sulta médica y se descartó que los niños padecieran enferme- dades relacionadas con el diagnóstico de periodontitis como manifestación de una enfermedad sistémica. El tratamiento consistió en la instrucción de medidas de higiene bucal que debían ser ejecutadas por los padres, ins- trumentación subgingival, antisépticos locales, medicación antibiótica sistémica y mantenimiento periodontal. No se rea- lizaron extracciones como parte del tratamiento. En ambos casos uno de los incisivos presentes al momento de la con- sulta se perdió prematuramente, antes de los 4 años. El resto de los incisivos primarios cumplieron su ciclo normal. Luego de 5 años de seguimiento, a la edad de 8 años, ambos niños presentaban los incisivos y los primeros molares permanentes periodontalmente sanos y el resto de los dientes primarios sin signos de periodontitis (AU)

Aim: Periodontitis in primary dentition is exceptional in children without systemic diseases. The objective of this article is to describe the clinical and radiographic charac- teristics of two cases of systemically healthy 3-year-old chil- dren with periodontitis, and their treatment, with a 5-year follow-up. Clinical cases: In both cases, at 3 years of age, the chil- dren were referred to a periodontic specialist by their pediat- ric dentist, due to the very early loss of lower incisors. Clin- ical and radiographic examination showed loss of clinical attachment, bone loss and dental mobility in other upper and lower incisors. A medical consultation was carried out and diseases related to the diagnosis of periodontitis as a mani- festation of a systemic disease were ruled out. The treatment consisted of instruction on oral hygiene measures that had to be carried out by the parents, subgingival instrumentation, local antiseptics, systemic antibiotic medication, and perio- dontal maintenance. No extractions were performed as part of the treatment. In both cases, one of the incisors present at the time of consultation was lost prematurely, before the age of 4 years. The rest of the primary incisors completed their normal cycle. After 5 years of follow-up, at the age of 8 years, both children showed periodontally healthy incisors and first permanent molars, and the rest of the primary teeth without signs of periodontitis (AU)

Prevalencia de mancha blanca en dentición temporaria en el Hospital de Odontología Infantil Don Benito Quinquela Martín / Prevalence of white spot in temporary dentition at Don Benito Quinquela Martin Children's Dentistry Hospital

Introducción: La caries dental es una enfermedad infecciosa y multifactorial, que co- mienza por una desmineralización del esmalte producida por la acción de ácidos generados por bacterias presentes en el biofilm dental. Estas lesiones se inician como manchas blancas (MB) y es el único estadio de la caries dental capaz de ser revertido mediante la aplicación profesional de agentes remineralizantes, por lo que es fundamental la detección y tratamiento temprano de las mismas. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de manchas blancas en la dentición temporaria de los niños atendidos en el Servicio de Clínica y Orientación del Hospital de Odontología Infantil (HOI) «Don Benito Quinquela Martín¼. Materiales y métodos: Se evaluó una muestra de 94 niños con dentición temporaria, en el Servicio de Clínica y Orientación del HOI, teniendo en cuenta los ingresos y reingresos, durante el período comprendido entre septiembre de 2019 y febrero de 2020. Resultados: La prevalencia de manchas blancas de un total de 94 niños evaluados fue del 55 %. De los pacientes que presentaron MB, el 59 % fue de sexo masculino y el 41 % de sexo femenino. La media de edad fue de 4.77 años. De los pacientes atendidos, 73 concurrieron por primera vez y 21 pacientes fueron reingresos. Conclusión: La prevalencia de manchas blancas en la muestra evaluada de niños atendidos en el Servicio de Clínica y Orientación del HOI fue del 55 %. Este resultado sugiere la necesidad de continuar y potenciar la promoción de la salud bucal, no solo como herramienta estratégica para brindar conocimientos acerca de los beneficios de una correcta higiene oral y una dieta saludable, sino también como factor de prevención en cuanto a la aparición de lesiones de caries y posteriores consecuencias adversas (AU)

Introduction: Dental caries is an infectious and multifactorial disease that begins with the demineralization of the enamel produced by the action of acids generated by bacteria in the dental biofilm. These lesions start as white spots (WS), and it's the only stage of dental caries capable of being reverted by the professional application of remineralizing agents. Hence, its early detection and treatment are essential. Objective: To determine the prevalence of white spots in the temporary dentition of children treated at the Clinical and Orientation Service of "Don Benito Quinquela Martin" Children's Dentistry Hospital (CDH). Materials and methods: A sample of 94 children with temporary dentition was evaluated on admission and readmission at CDH's Clinical and Orientation Service between September 2019 and February 2020. Results: The prevalence of WS in 94 children evaluated was 55%: 59% of patients who presented WS were males, and 41% were females. The mean age was 4.77 years. Seventy-three patients seen attended for the first time, and the other 21 were readmissions. Conclusion: The prevalence of WS in children who attended CDH's Clinical and Orientation Service was relevant. This result indicates that we must continue and enhance oral health promotion as a strategy to give knowledge about good oral hygiene benefits, a healthy diet, and to prevent the appearance of caries lesions and subsequent consequences (AU)

Microdont Developing Outside the Alveolar Process and Within Oral Diffuse and Plexiform Neurofibroma in Neurofibromatosis Type 1.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Numerical aberrations of permanent dentition and dystopic tooth eruption are part of the phenotype of the tumor predisposition syndrome neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). In these cases, surplus tooth germs usually develop in the alveolar processes of the jaw. This report attests to the dystopic development of a dysplastic supernumerary tooth in NF1 arising outside the jaw. CASE REPORT: The 8-year-old male patient developed a microdont outside the bone and above the occlusal plane of the retained maxillary right second molar. The supernumerary tooth was completely embedded in oral soft tissue. Hyperplastic oral soft tissue in the molar region and microdont were excised. Specimen of the mucosa surrounding the teeth was interspersed with diffuse and plexiform neurofibroma. The retained upper right first molar emerged spontaneously within a few months after surgery. The upper right second molar did not change position. CONCLUSION: Odontogenesis can take place within tumorous oral mucosa in NF1. Surgical removal of the tumorous mucous membrane facilitates tooth eruption in some cases.

What is the response profile of deciduous pulp fibroblasts stimulated with E. coli LPS and E. faecalis LTA?

BACKGROUND: Oral fibroblast immunological responses to bacterial stimuli are well known. However, there are few studies about pulp fibroblasts from deciduous teeth (HDPF) responses, which are important for the treatment of pulp infections in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate expression and production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by HDPF when challenged with bacterial antigens normally present in advanced caries lesions. METHODS: Triplicate HDPF from 4 children (n = 4; 2 boys and 2 girls) were cultured by explant technique and challenged or not with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide/1 µg/mL (EcLPS) or Enterococcus faecalis lipoteichoic acid/1 µg/mL (EfLTA) for 6 and 24 h. Most of published studies employed immortalized cells, i.e., without checking possible gender and genetic variables. mRNA expression and protein production were evaluated by RT-qPCR and ELISA MILLIPLEX®, respectively, for Interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1ß, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, Chemokine C-C motif ligand 2/monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (CCL2/MCP-1), Chemokine C-C motif ligand 3/macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha (CCL3/MIP1-α), Chemokine C-C motif ligand 5/ regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (CCL5/RANTES), C-X-C motif chemokine 12/ stromal cell-derived factor 1 (CXCL12/SDF-1), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interferon-gamma (IFN γ), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) and Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). RESULTS: EcLPS increased IL-1α, IL-1ß, IL-8, CCL2, CCL5, TNF-α and CSF-1 mRNA and protein levels while EfLTA was only able to positively regulate gene expression and protein production of IL-8. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study confirmed our hypothesis, since pulp fibroblasts from deciduous teeth are capable of increasing gene expression and protein production after being stimulated with EcLPS and EfLTA.

Comparison of the Treatment Assessments of the Conventional Stainless-Steel Crown Restorations and the Hall Technique.

BACKGROUND: Stainless steel crown (SSC) restoration is one of the restorative treatment options in the management of carious primary molars. The Hall technique is a biologic method of managing carious primary teeth by sealing in the caries with SSCs without the routine local anaesthesia and tooth preparations. The objectives of this study was to compare the treatment assessments of the conventional stainless steel crown restoration with Hall technique using subjects' discomfort during treatments and parents' treatment perception, treatment acceptability and satisfaction with the treatment. METHODS: The study was a comparative analytical study involving the placement of 25 SSC restorations using the conventional method and 25 SSC restorations using the Hall technique in 25 subjects aged 3-8 years with a pair or pairs of unrestored enamel or dentinal carious primary molars matched for tooth type, dental arch and extent of caries. Discomfort during the placements of the SSCs was assessed by the subjects while treatment perception, acceptability and satisfaction were assessed by the parents with the use of questionnaires. RESULTS: There was statistically significant difference (p-value 0.00001) between the conventional method and the Hall technique for the discomfort outcomes. There was no statistically significant difference for treatment perception (p=0.73), acceptability (0.72) and satisfaction (0.60). CONCLUSION: The Hall Technique compared favourably well with the conventional method in treatment perception, acceptability and satisfaction but it gave higher level of discomfort in some of the subjects. The Hall Technique appears to be a good method for managing dental caries in primary molar teeth especially in a resource challenged environment where electricity and access to care are contending issues.

Banking on teeth - Stem cells and the dental office.

Science and commerce advance together and the stem cell field is no exception. With the promise of cures for conditions as diverse as cancer, autism, neural degeneration, organ replacement and addiction, long-term preservation of dental stem cells is a growth market. The discovery nearly twenty years ago, of viable, multipotent, stem cells in dental pulp from both baby and adult teeth initiated, and drives, this market.The dental stem cell preservation services, "tooth banks", focus on the collection of a child's baby teeth, as they are shed naturally, and storage of the stem cells from within the pulp for therapeutic use in later years should the child require them. This review focuses on the procedures related to these stem cell storage services and may serve as an introduction for many to the practice of "tooth banking".

Second primary molar hypomineralisation and drugs used during pregnancy and infancy. A systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: Hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPM) are due to idiopathic hypomineralisation that affects from 1- to 4-s primary molars, and its aetiology remains unclear. Our objective was to systematically review studies in which the investigators had studied the association between HSPM and drug use during pregnancy and the first year of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic search for publications until July 2018 was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. No restrictions were placed on year of publication. The PECO Question was as follows: P, children exposed to drugs during pregnancy and the first year of life; E, drugs to which mothers, during pregnancy and their offspring were exposed; C, control groups from studies with the same characteristics not exposed to drugs during pregnancy and the first year of life; and O, relationship between drug exposure during pregnancy and the first year of life and HSPM. Two reviewers extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale criteria. RESULTS: We initially identified 986 articles, or which seven were selected for review: two case-control studies, one cross-sectional studies and four cohort studies. Four studies reported data on drug consumption during pregnancy and four investigated drug use during the first year of life and the occurrence of enamel defects in primary dentition. CONCLUSIONS: There is no clear evidence that the use of drugs during pregnancy and during the first year of life is associated with HSPM. Further well-designed prospective studies are needed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Determining the etiological factors related to the development of HSPM would help to establish preventive protocols in patients at potential risk. As HSPM is predictive of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH), the application of preventive protocols would avoid complications in both the primary and permanent dentition.

Transmigrated and Impacted Upper 2nd Premolar Associated with Dentigerous Cyst.

A male patient about 45 years old came to my private clinic "The Dental Aid", Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh last year (February 2016) with the complaint of pain at right palatal premolar region. On clinical examination we found the absence of upper left 2nd premolar from the series of dentition but on the right side premolars are present. The oral mucosa was intact and normal in color. There was no caries, dental pocket or any other pathology in the teeth of both jaws. On palpation we found soft area on the right palatal side at the premolar area. We took intraoral peri-apical radiograph and found impacted left 2nd premolar whose crown was encircled by radiolucent area at the palatal side. Here, we present a rare case of transmigrated and impacted left 2nd maxillary premolar associated with dentigerous cyst. The cyst was successfully treated under general anaesthesia by enucleation along with extraction of the involved maxillary transposed and impacted left second premolar.

Pamidronate decreases bilirubin-impaired cell death and improves dentinogenic dysfunction of stem cells from human deciduous teeth.

BACKGROUND: Hyperbilirubinemia that occurs in pediatric liver diseases such as biliary atresia can result in the development of not only jaundice in the brain, eyes, and skin, but also tooth abnormalities including green pigmentation and dentin hypoplasia in the developing teeth. However, hyperbilirubinemia-induced tooth impairments remain after liver transplantation. No effective dental management to prevent hyperbilirubinemia-induced tooth impairments has been established. METHODS: In this study, we focused on pamidronate, which is used to treat pediatric osteopenia, and investigated its effects on hyperbilirubinemia-induced tooth impairments. We cultured stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) under high and low concentrations of unconjugated bilirubin in the presence or absence of pamidronate. We then analyzed the effects of pamidronate on the cell death, associated signal pathways, and dentinogenic function in SHED. RESULTS: We demonstrated that a high concentration of unconjugated bilirubin induced cell death in SHED via the mitochondrial pathway, and this was associated with the suppression of AKT and extracellular signal-related kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) signal pathways and activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signal pathway. The high concentration of unconjugated bilirubin impaired the in vitro and in vivo dentinogenic capacity of SHED, but not the low concentration. We then demonstrated that pamidronate decreased the bilirubin-induced cell death in SHED via the altered AKT, ERK1/2, and NF-κB signal pathways and recovered the bilirubin-impaired dentinogenic function of SHED. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that pamidronate may prevent tooth abnormalities in pediatric patients with hyperbilirubinemia.

Association between passive tobacco exposure and caries in children and adolescents. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

To examine the available evidence on the association between exposure to tobacco use in the womb and in infancy and the presence of caries in primary and permanent dentition in children and adolescents. A systematic review was conducted through searches in 4 data bases (Pubmed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science), complemented by hand-searching. Of the 559 articles identified, 400 were duplicates. Finally, 28 articles were included in the qualitative review and 21 in the meta-analysis. Their quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The quality was medium in 44% of the articles included and high in 56%. The overall meta-analysis gave a significant odds ratio (OR = 1.53, 95% confidence interval 1.39-1.68, Z test p-value = 0.000) and high heterogeneity (Q = 200.3, p = 0.000; I2 = 86.52%). Separate meta-analyses were also performed for three subgroups: exposure in the womb (prenatal) and caries in primary dentition, which resulted in a significant OR = 1.46 with a 95% CI of 1.41-1.52 (Z test p = 0.000), without heterogeneity (Q = 0.91, p = 0.824; I2 = 0%); exposure in infancy (postnatal) and caries in primary dentition, with OR = 1.72 (95% CI 1.45-2.05) and high heterogeneity (Q = 76.59, p = 0.00; I2 = 83.01%); and postnatal exposure and caries in permanent dentition, with OR = 1.30 (95% CI 1.25-1.34) and no heterogeneity (Q = 4.48, p = 0.880; I2 = 0%). In children and adolescents, a significant though moderate association was found between passive tobacco exposure and caries.

Increased interleukin 1α and interleukin 1ß expression is involved in the progression of periapical lesions in primary teeth.

BACKGROUND: Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is involved in bone resorption. However, the role of IL-1 in periapical lesions characterized by periapical bone destruction in primary teeth has not yet been fully elucidated. This study aimed to detect the distribution and expression of IL-1 in periapical lesions in primary teeth and assess the relationship between the cytokines and the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration. METHODS: A total of 106 chronic periapical lesions in primary teeth were harvested. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to determine the histological type and the inflammatory cell infiltration grade (mild, moderate, and severe), and immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect the distribution and expression of IL-1α and IL-1ß. RESULTS: Of the 106 chronic periapical lesion samples, there were 85 cases of periapical granuloma, accounting for 80.19% of the total samples, and 21 cases of radicular cysts, accounting for 19.81%; no cases of abscess were detected. Immunohistochemistry results showed that both IL-1α and IL-1ß were expressed in periapical granulomas and cysts. ELISA results showed that IL-1α and IL-1ß levels were higher in the periapical granuloma group than in the radicular cyst and normal control groups (P < 0.05). In the periapical granuloma group, IL-1α and IL-1ß were detected at higher levels in the severe inflammatory cell infiltration subgroup than in the mild-inflammatory cell infiltration subgroup (P < 0.05), and IL-1ß expression was also higher in the moderate inflammatory cell infiltration subgroup than in the mild inflammatory cell infiltration subgroup (P < 0.01). A significant positive correlation was observed between the protein expression levels of IL-1α and IL-1ß and the inflammation grade in periapical granulomas from primary teeth (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Expression levels of the cytokines IL-1α and IL-1ß in periapical granulomas from primary teeth increased with increasing inflammatory severity and appeared to be a contributing factor to the progression of periapical lesions.

Immunomodulatory Role of Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth on Periodontal Regeneration.

Periodontitis is initiated by the infection of periodontal bacteria and subsequent tissue inflammation due to immunoreaction, eventually leading to periodontal apparatus loss. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) have exhibited beneficial characteristics in dental tissue regeneration. However, the immunomodulatory functions of SHEDs have not been elucidated in the context of periodontitis treatment. In this study, we investigated the potential immunomodulatory effects of SHEDs on experimental periodontitis and demonstrated that multidose delivery of SHEDs led to periodontal tissue regeneration. SHEDs and monocytes/macrophages were cocultured in transwell systems and SHEDs were found to be capable of promoting monocyte/macrophage conversion to CD206+ M2-like phenotype. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) was employed to assess the survival and distribution of SHEDs after delivery in periodontal tissues in an induced periodontitis model, and BLI revealed that SHEDs survived for ∼7 days in periodontal tissues with little tissue diffusion. Then, multidose SHED delivery was applied to treat periodontitis at 7-day intervals. Results showed that mutidose SHEDs altered the cytokine expression profile in gingival crevicular fluid, reduced gum bleeding, increased new attachment of periodontal ligament, and decreased osteoclast differentiation. Micro-computed tomography analysis showed SHED administration significantly increased periodontal regeneration and alveolar bone volume, and decreased distance of cementoenamel junction to alveolar bone crest. Furthermore, an increase in the number of CD206+ M2 macrophages was observed in periodontal tissues following the delivery of SHEDs, which aligned well with the promoted conversion to CD206+ M2-like cells from monocytes/macrophages in vitro after stimulation by SHEDs. This study demonstrated in a rat periodontitis model that local delivery of SHEDs attributed to the induction of M2 macrophage polarization, reduction of periodontal tissue inflammation, and enhancement of periodontal regeneration.

Clinical, radiographic and histological evaluation of primary teeth pulpotomy using mta and ferric sulfate

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical, radiographic and histological outcomes of the dentin-pulp complex from primary molars after pulpotomy with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and 15.5% ferric sulfate (FS). Thirty-one primary molars were randomly allocated into MTA or FS groups. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were recorded at 3-, 6-, 12- and 18-month follow-up. Teeth at the regular exfoliation period were extracted and processed for histological analysis. Clinical and radiographic data were tested by statistical analysis (p≤0.01). Histological outcomes were analyzed descriptively. All of the treated teeth presented clinical success over the experimental periods. Both groups exhibited 100% of radiographic success at 3, 6 and 12 months. At the 18-month follow-up, one tooth from FS group presented inter-radicular radiolucency (p>0.01). Histologically, the treated teeth presented pulp vitality and absence of inflammatory infiltrate into the connective tissue. Only MTA group showed hard tissue barrier surrounded by odontoblasts over the pulp stumps. Both MTA and 15.5% FS are effective for pulpotomies of primary teeth. Although MTA is considered the first-choice material, FS may be a suitable alternative when treatment cost is an issue.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os resultados clínicos, radiográficos e histológicos do complexo dentino-pulpar de molares decíduos após pulpotomia com agregado trióxido mineral (MTA) e sulfato férrico (SF) 15,5%. Trinta e um molares decíduos foram alocados aleatoriamente nos grupos MTA ou SF. As avaliações clínicas e radiográficas foram realizadas aos 3, 6, 12 e 18 meses de acompanhamento. Os dentes no período regular de esfoliação foram extraídos e processados ​​para análise histológica. Os dados clínicos e radiográficos foram analisados estatisticamente (p≤0,01). O resultados histológicos foram analisados ​​descritivamente. Todos os dentes tratados apresentaram sucesso clínico ao longo dos períodos experimentais. Ambos os grupos exibiram 100% de sucesso radiográfico aos 3, 6 e 12 meses. Aos 18 meses de acompanhamento, um dente do grupo SF apresentou radiolucidez interradicular (p>0,01). Histologicamente, os dentes tratados apresentaram vitalidade pulpar e ausência de infiltrado inflamatório no tecido conjuntivo. Somente o grupo MTA mostrou barreira de tecido duro rodeada por odontoblastos sobre os cotos pulpares. MTA e SF 15,5% são eficazes para pulpotomias de dentes decíduos. Embora o MTA seja considerado o material de primeira escolha, o SF pode ser uma alternativa adequada quando o custo do tratamento é um problema.

Clinical outcomes for primary molars treated by different types of pulpotomy: A retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Pulpotomy is the amputation of coronally infected pulp tissue to maintain the vitality and function of the radicular pulp. This study was designed to assess the clinical and radiographic success rates of primary molars treated by pulpotomy using diode laser, sodium hypochlorite, or no medication after a follow-up period of 24 months. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted by evaluating the success rates of primary molars treated by pulpotomy with diode laser, sodium hypochlorite, or no medication according to the clinical symptoms and signs and radiographic features. RESULTS: There were 145 primary molars included in the study. No significant differences in clinical and radiographic success rates were found among primary molars treated by pulpotomy using diode laser, sodium hypochlorite, or no medication, when the teeth were treated by experienced pedodontists and restored with stainless steel crowns. The 2-year clinical success rates for primary molars treated by pulpotomy using diode laser, sodium hypochlorite, or no medication were all 100%. The 2-year radiographic success rates were 90.9%, 100%, and 87.5% for primary molars treated by pulpotomy using diode laser, sodium hypochlorite, or no medication, respectively. However, when the pulpotomy for primary molars was performed by less-experienced residents, a reduced overall success rate from 94% for attending doctors to 58% for residents was found. CONCLUSION: Operators and final restorations are confounding factors for determining the success rate of primary molars treated by pulpotomy. Pulpotomy with diode laser, sodium hypochlorite, or no medication are all acceptable treatments of choice for coronally infected primary molars.

Comparison of Salivary Antioxidants in Children with Primary Tooth Abscesses before and after Treatment in Comparison with Healthy Subjects

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of children with primary molar abscesses before and two weeks after extraction of the infected tooth. Materials and methods: Forty one children aged between 3-6 years participatesd in this cross sectional study. The antioxidant activity of saliva was investigated in 20 patients with tooth abscesses affecting one of the first primary molars before and after tooth extraction in the case group and once in 21 children with no caries or dental problems in the control group. The FRAP (ferric reduction antioxidant power) method was used to measure the antioxidant power of salivary samples and TAC values were calculated. Data were analyzed with SPSS Version 16 using the paired t-test at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The mean antioxidant index increased in children after (509.2 ± 138.4) treatment (before 483.4 ± 183.6), but this difference was not significant (P=0.61). Also, there was no difference in the mean antioxidant index in control group (494.5±147.9) compared the study group before (P=0.83) and after (P=0.75) treatment. Conclusion: Under the conditions of this study the total antioxidant capacity of saliva was not compromised in children with abscessed teeth.

Rare presentation of cementoblastoma associated with the deciduous maxillary second molar.

Cementoblastoma is a benign odontogenic neoplasm accounting for less than 0.69%-8% of all odontogenic tumours and is characterised by the presence of sheets of cementum-like tissue demonstrating large number of reversal lines. It shows an unlimited growth potential and a recurrence rate as high as 37.1%. It most commonly affects the permanent mandibular molars. This paper presents the third reported case of cementoblastoma affecting the deciduous maxillary posterior dentition. A 12-year-old male patient reported to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology with a chief complaint of pain and swelling in relation to the deciduous maxillary left second molar.

The Effects of Photobiomodulation Delivered by Light-Emitting Diode on Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth: A Study on the Relevance to Pluripotent Stem Cell Viability and Proliferation.

OBJECTIVE: Photobiomodulation (PBM) can modulate the proliferation of some types of stem cells. However, few reports have addressed the effects of PBM delivered by light-emitting diode (LED) on stem cells obtained from the pulp tissue of deciduous teeth. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of PBM delivered by red LED (630 nm, 75 mW, 37 mW/cm2) with different radiant exposures on the cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential, and senescence of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cultures were irradiated with LED (2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 J/cm2). After 24 h, the cell cycle and mitochondrial membrane potential of the cultures were evaluated using flow cytometry. Nonirradiated cultures served as control. RESULTS: Cultures irradiated with 16 J/cm2 had higher percentages of cells in the synthesis phase than control cultures (p < 0.05), and no significant differences were found regarding the percentage of cells with viable mitochondria between irradiated and control cultures. No significant difference in cell senescence was found between control cultures and cultures irradiated with 2 or 16 J/cm2. CONCLUSIONS: LED irradiation at 630 nm (37 mW/cm2, 75 mW) with radiant exposure of 16 J/cm2 was capable of inducing a proliferative response in stem cells from the pulp tissue of deciduous teeth without affecting mitochondrial function or inducing senescence.

Ankylosis of Permanent First Molar: Diagnosis by Cone Beam Computed Tomography / Anquilosis del Primer Molar Permanente: Diagnóstico por Tomografía Computarizada con Haz Cónico

ABSTRACT: Ankylosis is an anomaly of tooth eruption characterized by the fusion of cementum and alveolar bone, and may affect from small regions to the entire root surface. Clinical assessment combined with imaging exams can aid diagnosis. Radiographic testing enables assessing only proximal regions of possibly affected roots. Whereas cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) allows a three-dimensional assessment of axial, coronal, and sagittal planes of all dental extension, eliminating thus overlapping images and helping to confirm the correct diagnosis. The present study contains a case report of a male patient with ankylosis in tooth 16 diagnosed by CBCT, aiming at providing information for dentists about this anomaly, its characteristics and situations in which CBCT should be indicated.

RESUMEN: La anquilosis es una anomalía de la erupción del diente caracterizada por la fusión de cemento y hueso alveolar, y puede afectar desde pequeñas regiones hasta toda la superficie de la raíz. La evaluación clínica combinada con los exámenes de imagen puede ayudar a diagnosticar esta anomalía. Las pruebas radiográficas permiten evaluar sólo las regiones proximales de las raíces posiblemente afectadas. La tomografía computarizada de haz de cono (CBCT) permite una evaluación tridimensional de los planos axial, coronal y sagital de toda la extensión dental, eliminando así las imágenes superpuestas y ayudando a confirmar el diagnóstico correcto. En el presente estudio se presenta un reporte de caso de un paciente con anquilosis en el diente 16 diagnosticado por CBCT, con el objetivo de proporcionar información para los dentistas sobre esta anomalía, sus características y situaciones en las que debe indicarse la CBCT.